Architects and Designers

Pinnacle Design Tv Stands

Advertisement

Egyptians used papyrus to make sales messages and posters. advertising and political campaign displays have been found in the ruins of Pompeii and ancient Arabia. Matching advertising on papyrus was common in ancient Greece and ancient Rome. Mural or rock for commercial advertising is another manifestation of an ancient form of advertising, which is present today in many parts of Asia, Africa and South America. The tradition of wall painting can be traced back to Indian rock paintings dating back to 4000 BC. [4] History tells us that Advertising Out-of-home billboards are the oldest forms of advertising.

As cities of the Middle Ages began to grow, and general population has been unable to read, signs now say shoemaker, miller, blacksmith, tailor or use an image associated with their profession as a boot, a suit, a hat, a clock, a diamond, a horse shoe, a candle or even a bag of flour. Fruits and vegetables were sold in the square the city on the backs of carts and wagons and their owners used to call the street (town criers) to announce their places for the convenience of customers.

As education has become a clear need and reading as well as printing, advertising point expanded to include handbills. In ad 17th century began to appear in weekly newspapers in England. These early print advertisements were used mainly to promote books and newspapers, which became increasingly affordable progress in printing and medicines, which were increasingly sought the disease ravaged Europe. However, false advertising and so-called "quack" advertisements became a problem, which ushered in the regulation of advertising content.

As the economy grew during the 19th century, along with increased advertising. In the U.S., the success of this advertising format eventually led to the growth of direct mail advertising.

In June 1836, the French newspaper The Press was the first to include paid advertising in its pages, allowing it to lower its price, extend its readership and increase its profitability and the formula was soon copied by all titles. Around 1840, Volney Palmer established a precedent for advertising agencies Boston. [5] Meanwhile, in France, Charles-Louis Havas extended the services of his news agency, Havas to include advertising brokerage, which in fact the first French group to organize. Initially, agencies were brokers for advertising space in newspapers. NW Ayer & Son was the first full-service agency to assume responsibility for advertising content. NW Ayer opened in 1869, and was located in Philadelphia [5].

An advertisement 1895 for a product weight gain.

At the turn of the century, there were few career choices for women in business but the publicity has been one of the few. Since women were responsible for most purchases in their household, advertisers and agencies recognized the value of the insight of women during the creative process. In fact, the first American advertising to use a copy has been created sexual by a woman – for a soap product. Although grown under current standards, the advertisement featured a couple with the message "The skin you love to touch" [6].

In the early 1920s, the first radio stations were established by radio equipment manufacturers and retailers that offer programs in order to sell more radios to consumers. Over time, many non-profit organizations followed suit by creating their own radio stations, and included: schools, clubs and civic groups. [7] When the practice of sponsoring programs was popularized, each individual radio program was usually sponsored by a single company in exchange for a brief mention of the company name at the beginning and end of shows sponsored. However, owners of radio stations soon realized they could make more money by selling sponsorship rights in the allocation of time small businesses through multiple emissions from their radio station, rather than selling the sponsorship rights to single businesses per show.

A print advertisement for the issuance of the 1913 Encyclopedia Britannica

This practice was carried on television in the 1940s and early 1950s. A fierce battle took place between those who seek to sell the radio and people who argued the radio spectrum should be considered part of the House of Commons – to use only non-commercial purposes and for the public good. UK continues a pattern of public funding for the BBC, originally a private company, the British Broadcasting Company and incorporated in a public by Royal Charter in 1927. In Canada, advocates like Graham Spry have also been able to persuade the federal government to adopt a funding model public, the creation of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. However, the United States, the capitalist model prevailed with the passage of the Communications Act 1934 which created the Federal Communications Commission [7]. To placate the socialists, the U.S. Congress did require commercial broadcasters to operate in the public interest, convenience and necessity "[8]. The public service exists today in the U.S. because of 1967 Public Broadcasting Act that led to the Public Service Broadcasting and National Public Radio.

In the early 1950s, the Dumont Television Network began the modern trend of selling advertising time to multiple sponsors. Previously, Dumont had trouble finding sponsors for many of their programs and compensated by selling smaller blocks of advertising time to several businesses. This term has become the industry standard for commercial television in the United States. However, it is still a common practice to have single sponsor shows, such as the time U.S. Steel. In some cases, the sponsors exercised great control over the content of the show – up to and including the advertising agency who made his writing of the show. The single sponsor model is much less common now, with the notable exception of the Hallmark Hall of Fame.

The 1960s saw advertising transform into a modern approach where creativity has been allowed to shine, producing unexpected messages that made advertisements more tempting to the eyes of consumers. The Volkswagen campaign advertising featuring titles such as "think small" and "Lemon" (which have been used to describe the appearance of the car)-ushered in the era of modern advertising by promoting a "position" or "unique selling proposition" designed to associate each brand with a clear idea of the reader or viewer's mind. This period of American advertising is called creative revolution and its archetype was William Bernbach who helped create the revolutionary Volkswagen ads among others. Some of the dates the most creative and long-standing American advertising period.

The late 1980s and early 1990s saw the introduction of cable television and particularly MTV. Pioneer the concept of music videos, MTV launches a new type of advertising: consumers in the air for the advertisement, rather than being a byproduct or afterthought. As cable and satellite television became increasingly prevalent, specialty channels emerged, including channels entirely devoted to advertising, such as QVC, Home Shopping Network, Canada and ShopTV.

Internet Marketing has opened new frontiers for advertisers and contributed to the dot-com 1990s. societies throughout the network only on advertising revenue, offering everything from coupons to free Internet access. At the turn of the 21st century, a number of websites, including search engine Google, started a change in online advertising by emphasizing contextually relevant, unobtrusive ads intended to help rather than overwhelm users. It led to a plethora of initiatives and a similar upward trend of interactive advertising.

The share of advertising spending relative to GDP has changed little across large changes in the media. For example, the United States in 1925, the main advertising media were newspapers, magazines, signs on streetcars, and outdoor posters. advertising expenditure as a proportion of GDP was about 2.9 percent. In 1998, television and radio had become major advertising media. However advertising expenditures, as percentage of GDP was slightly lower, about 2.4 percent [9].

A recent innovation is advertising guerrilla marketing, which involve unusual approaches as staged encounters in public places, giveaways of products such as cars that are covered by the brand messages and interactive advertising where the viewer may respond to some of the advertising message.Guerrilla advertising is growing more popular with many companies. This type of advertising is unpredictable and innovative, which causes consumers to buy the product or idea. This reflects a growing trend of interactive and "embedded" ads, by example product placement, having consumers vote by SMS, and various innovations utilizing social networking services like MySpace.

[Edit advertisement] Public service

The same advertising techniques used to promote commercial products and services can be used to inform, educate and motivate the public on non-trade issues such as HIV / AIDS, energy conservation, political ideology, and deforestation.

Advertising, in its non-commercial, is a powerful educational tool capable of reaching and motivating the public. "Advertising justifies its existence when is used in the public interest – it is too powerful tool to use solely for commercial purposes. "- Attributed to Howard Gossage by David Ogilvy.

public service advertising, non-commercial advertising, public interest cause marketing advertising and marketing office are different terms for (or aspects of) the use of advertising and communications sophisticated marketing techniques (usually associated with commercial enterprise) on behalf of non-commercial, public interest issues and initiatives.

United States, licensing of television and radio is subject to the FCC radio station a certain amount of advertising from public service. To meet these requirements, many broadcast stations in America air the bulk of their public service announcements necessary during the night or early morning when the smallest percentage of viewers watching, leaving the slots and the first day longer available commercially for advertisers high salary.

Public service advertising reached its height during the two world wars and II, under the direction of several governments.

[Edit] Types of advertising

Paying people to hold signs is one of the oldest forms of advertising, that the man photographed directional above a bus with an advertisement for GAP in Singapore. Buses and other vehicles are popular mediums for advertisers. A DBAG Class 101 with UNICEF ads Ingolstadt main railway station

Virtually any device can be used for advertising. advertising commercial can include wall paintings, billboards, street furniture components, printed flyers and cards of support, radio, cinema and television spots, web banners, mobile telephone screens, carts, web popups, skywriting, bus stop benches, billboards of man, magazines, newspapers, town criers, sides of buses, banners attached or parts of aircraft ("logojets"), advertising flight on the shelves in the back seats or storage bins, taxi doors, roof mounts and passenger screens, musical shows, subway platforms and trains, elastic bands on disposable diapers, the doors of bathroom stalls, stickers on apples in supermarkets, shopping cart handles (grabertising) the opening section of streaming audio and video, posters, and the backs of event tickets and supermarket receipts. Any place an "identified" sponsor pays to deliver their message through a medium is advertising.

[Edit] TV

Main articles: advertising television and music in advertising

The TV spot is generally considered the most effective form of advertising market mass, as evidenced by the high prices TV networks charge for commercial airtime during popular TV events. The annual game of football Super Bowl in the United States is known as the most important event of the advertising on television. The average cost of a thirty-second television spot during this unique game has reached U.S. $ 3 million (2009).

The majority of advertisements on television have a song or jingle that listeners soon relate to the product.

Virtual ads may be inserted into television programming regularly by computer graphics. It is typically inserted into otherwise blank backdrops [10] or to replace local billboards that are irrelevant to public broadcasting distance [11]. More controversially, virtual billboards may be inserted in the background [12] where none exist in real life. Virtual product placement is also possible. [13] [14]

[Edit Infomercials]

Main article: Infomercial

An infomercial is a television advertisement in long format, usually five minutes or more. The word "infomercial" is a portmanteau of the words "information" and "commercial". The main objective in an infomercial is to create an impulse purchase, so that the consumer sees the presentation and then immediately buys the product through the toll free telephone number advertised or website. Infomercials describe, display, and often demonstrate products and their characteristics, and often have evidence of consumers and industry professionals.

[Edit] Radio Advertising

Radio advertising is a form of advertising via radio.

Radio advertisements are disseminated in the form of radio waves in the air of a transmitter to an antenna and a receiver and a camera. Airtime bought at a station or network in exchange for broadcast advertisements. While radio has the obvious limitation of being limited to sound, proponents of radio advertising often cite this as an advantage.

[Edit] Press Advertising

describes advertising news advertising in printed media as a newspaper, magazine, or trade Journal. This includes everything from media with a wide readership, as a great newspaper or a national magazine, to more targeted media such as newspapers and journals on specialized topics. A form of advertising in the press is classified advertising, which allows individuals or companies to purchase an ad, highly targeted advertising for a low fee product or service.

[Edit] Online advertising

Online advertising is a form of promotion that uses the Internet and World Wide Web the stated aim of delivering marketing messages to attract customers. Examples of online advertising contextual ads that appear on the engine results search pages, banner ads, the text ads, rich media advertisements, advertising for social networks, online networks of small advertisements, and e-mail marketing, including e-mail spam.

[Edit] Billboard Advertising

Billboards are large structures located in public places that display advertisements to passing pedestrians and motorists. Most often, they are located on main roads with plenty of passing motor traffic and pedestrians, but they can be placed in any location with large quantities viewers, as on transit vehicles and in stations, in shopping centers or office buildings, and stadiums.

[Edit advertising] Mobile Panel

The newspaper announced RedEye's target market, at North Avenue Beach with a billboard sailboat on Lake Michigan.

movable panels are usually mounted on vehicle panels or digital displays. These can be on vehicles built solely dedicated to achieving the advertisements along the predetermined routes by customers, they can also be transport trucks specially fitted or, in some cases, large banners strewn plans. The panels are often lit, some being backlit, and others use projectors. Some displays are static, while other changes, for example, continuously or periodically rotating among a set of ads.

mobile displays used in various situations in metropolitan areas worldwide, including:

• Target Advertising
• campaigns a day, and long-term
• Conventions
• Sporting events
• Store openings and other promotional events
• Great small business ads
• Other

[Edit] store advertising

in-store advertising is an ad placed in a store detail. It includes product placement in a conspicuous place in a store, at eye level as the ends of aisles and counters the near cash, catchy poster promoting a specific product, and advertising in places such as carts and displays video store.

[Edit] Covert advertising

Main article: Product placement

disguised advertising, also known as advertising the guerrilla is when a product or brand is embedded in entertainment and media. For example, in a film, the main character can use a another object or a specific brand, like in the movie Minority Report where Tom Cruise character John Anderton owns a phone with the Nokia logo clearly written in the top corner, or his watch engraved with the Bulgari logo. Another example of advertising film is in I, Robot, where main character played by Will Smith mentions his Converse shoes several times, calling them of "classical" because the film is set in the distant future. I, Robot and Spaceballs showcase futuristic cars with too Audi and Mercedes-Benz logos clearly displayed on the front of vehicles. Cadillac chose to advertise in the film Matrix Reloaded, which, because of many scenes in which Cadillac cars were used. Also product placement for Omega Watches, Ford, Vaio, BMW and Aston Martin are also in the recent James Bond film, Casino Royale in particular. In "Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer" the main transport vehicle displays a logo on the big Dodge before. Blade Runner has some of the more obvious product placement, while the film stops to show a sign advertising Coca-Cola.

[Edit Celebrities]

Main article: Celebrity Branding

This type of advertising focuses on using the power of celebrity, fame, money, popularity of obtaining recognition of their products and promoting stores or products. Advertisers often advertise their products, for example, when celebrities share their favorite products or clothing by brands or designers. Celebrities are often involved in advertising campaigns such as television or print ads to advertise specific products or general.

The use of celebrities to endorse a brand can have its drawbacks, however. A error by a celebrity can be detrimental to public relations of a brand. For example, following his performance of eight gold medals Olympic Games 2008 in Beijing, China, the swimmer Michael Phelps Kellogg's contract was terminated, as Kellogg's did not want join him after he was photographed smoking marijuana.

[Edit] Media and advertising approaches

Increasingly, other media are overtaking many "traditional" media such as television, radio and newspapers due a shift towards consumer use of the Internet for news and music as well as devices such as digital video recorders (DVR) like TiVo.

Advertising on the World Wide Web is a recent phenomenon. Price of advertising on the web are dependent on the "relevance" surrounding web content and the traffic the site receives.

Digital signage is becoming a major mass media because of its ability to reach a larger audience for less money. The digital display also offers the unique opportunity to see the audience they are infected the middle. Technology advances also helped to control the message on the digital display with great precision, allowing relevant messages for the target at a given time and location which in turn gets more response advertising. The digital display is used successfully in supermarkets. [15] Another effective use of digital signage is in safe havens such as restaurants [16]. and malls [17].

Advertising E-mail is another recent phenomenon. Unsolicited Bulk E-mail advertising is known as "e-mail spam. "Spam is a problem for email users for many years.

Some companies have proposed to place messages or corporate logos on the side of booster rockets and the International Space Station. There is controversy about the effectiveness of advertising subliminal (see mind control), and the pervasiveness of mass messages (see propaganda).

Unpaid Advertising (Also called advertising "advertising") can provide good exposure at minimal cost. Personal recommendations ("make friends" "Sell"), the spread buzz, or achieving the feat of tying it up with a common name (in the United States, "Xerox" = "Photocopier", "Kleenex" tissue = "Vaseline" = petroleum jelly, "Hoover" vacuum = "Nintendo" (Often used by those who are exposed to many video games) = video games, and "Band-Aid" = adhesive bandage) – They may be considered as the pinnacle of any advertising campaign. However, some companies oppose the use of their brand name to label a object. Equating a brand with a common noun also risks to the brand in a genericized trademark – turning it into a generic term which means that its protection Legal as a trademark is lost.

As the mobile phone has become a new mass media in 1998 when the first paid downloadable content appeared on mobile phones in Finland, it was only a matter of time until mobile advertising followed, also launched in Finland in 2000. In 2007, the value of mobile advertising had reached 2.2 billion dollars and providers such as AdMob billion for delivery of mobile ads.

More advanced mobile ads include banner ads, coupons, Multimedia Messaging Service photo and video, advergames and various marketing campaigns commitment. A particular feature driving mobile ads is the 2D Barcode, which replaces the need to make a seizure of Web addresses, and uses the Modern camera phones to gain immediate access to Web content. 83 per cent of Japanese mobile users are already active users of 2D barcodes.

A new form of advertising that is growing rapidly is social network advertising. It is online advertising focusing on social networking sites. It is a relatively immature market, but he showed great promise that Advertisers are able to take advantage of the demographic information the user provided on the social networking site. Friendertising is a more precise term advertising in which people are able to direct advertising to other directly using the social networking service.

From time time, The CW Television Network airs short programming breaks called "Content Wraps," to advertise products of one company during a break commercial complex. The CW pioneered "content wraps and products featured were Herbal Essences, Crest, Guitar Hero II, CoverGirl, and recently Toyota.

Recently, it seems a new concept to promote, "ARvertising" advertising on reality technologies increased.

[Edit] Criticism of Advertising

Although advertising can be regarded as necessary for growth Economically, it is not without social cost. Unsolicited Commercial Email and other forms of spam have become so ubiquitous as to be become a major nuisance to users of these services, as well as being a financial burden on internet service providers [18]. Advertising is increasingly invading public spaces such as schools, which some critics argue is a form of child exploitation. [19] In addition, advertising often use psychological pressure (eg, appeal to feelings of helplessness) for consumption, which can be harmful.

[Edit] Hyper-commercialism and the tidal wave trading

The criticism of advertising is closely related to media criticism and often interchangeable. They can refer to its audio-visual aspects (eg crowded public spaces and waves), environmental issues (pollution, oversize packaging, increased consumption), political aspects (eg, the dependence of media, freedom of expression, censorship), financial aspects (costs), ethics / moral / social issues (for example, subconscious influence, the target group of invasion of privacy, increased consumption and waste products, honesty) and, of course, a mixture thereof. Some aspects can be subdivided and some may cover more than one category.

As advertising has become more prevalent in modern Western societies, it is also increasingly criticized. A person can barely move in the public sphere or to use a method without being subjected to advertising. Advertising occupies the public space and increasingly invading the privacy of individuals, which many consider a nuisance. "It becomes more difficult to escape the publicity and the media. … The public space is increasingly turning into a giant billboard products of all kinds. The aesthetic and political consequences can not yet be foreseen. "[20] Hanno Rauterberg in the German newspaper Die Zeit published calls for a new type of dictatorship that can not be missed [21].

Ad creep: "There are ads in schools, fairs airport, doctors' offices, cinemas, hospitals, gas stations, elevators, convenience stores, the Internet, on fruit, on ATMs, on garbage cans and countless other places. There are ads on a sandy beach and bathroom walls. "[22]" One the ironies of advertising in our times is that the increases of commercialism, it makes it more difficult for any particular advertiser to succeed, so pushing the advertiser to even greater efforts. "[23] In a decade in radio advertising has soared to almost 18 or 19 minutes per hour on television in prime time until 1982 the standard of no more than 9.5 minutes of advertising per hour, today is between 14 and 17 minutes. With the introduction of the shorter 15-second spot total ads rose even more dramatically. The ads are not only put pause, but eg also in television during the baseball game itself. They flood the Internet, a growing market with no giant.

Other growth markets are product placements''''in entertainment programming and movies where it has become common practice and advertising virtuelle''''où products on display will be placed retroactively raise. Billboards Product is practically inserted into the large emissions League Baseball and the same way, street banners or logos are virtual projected on a ceiling entrance or on sidewalks, for example when the arrival of celebrities at the Grammy Awards 2001. Advertising precedes films in cinemas, including movie shorts sumptuous "produced by companies such as Microsoft and DaimlerChrysler." The largest advertising agencies have begun to actively co-produce programs in collaboration with leading media companies "[24] the creation of Infomercials like to entertainment.

Opponents equate the increasing amount of advertising with a tidal wave and restrictions "containment" flood. Lasn, one of the most outspoken critics of advertising on the international scene, consider advertising "the most widespread and mental toxic pollutants. From the moment your alarm clock rings in the morning in the wee hours of microjolts TV late at night pollution commercial flood in your brain at a rate of nearly 3,000 marketing messages per day. Every day, twelve billion estimated display ads, 3 million radio commercials and more 200,000 television spots are discharged into the North American "collective unconscious. [25] During his life, the average American watches three years of advertising on television [26].

More recent developments in video games containing products in their content, chains Special Trade patient in hospitals and public figures sporting temporary tattoos. A method that advertising is unrecognizable self-disant''''de guerrilla marketing that spreads buzz about a new product in the target audience. Cash-strapped cities of the United States will stop at offering cars Police for advertising [27]. A trend, especially in Germany, companies are buying the names of stadiums. The football stadium of Hamburg became the first Volkspark the AOL-Arena and the Arena HSH Nordbank. The Neckarstadion Stuttgart became the Mercedes-Benz Arena, Dortmund Westphalia is now the Signal Iduna Park. Former Toronto's SkyDome was renamed the Rogers Centre. Other recent developments are, for example, that all underground stations in Berlin are arranged theatrical product and exclusively leased to a company. Düsseldorf same "multi-sensory" transit stops equipped adventure speakers and systems that spread the smell of detergent. Swatch projectors used to project messages on the Berlin TV Tower and the Victory Column, which was fined because it was done without a permit. Lawlessness was part the plan and added the promotion [21].

This is the standard management of enterprise knowledge that advertising is a mainstay, if it is not "the" pillar of the economy, growth-oriented capitalist free. "Advertising is part of the bone marrow of corporate capitalism." [28] "Contemporary capitalism could not function and global production networks could not exist as they do without advertising. [1]

For scientific communication and media economist Manfred Knoche at the University of Salzburg, Austria, advertising is not simply a "necessary evil" but an "elixir of life necessary for the media sector, the economy and capitalism as a whole. Advertising and mass media interests create economic ideology. Knoche describes advertising for products and brands as "weapons of producer in competing for customers and commercial advertising, for example, the automobile industry as a means to collectively represent their interests against other groups, such as railways. In his articles and editorials for programs in the media, promotion and consumption in general, provide a "cost free 'service to producers and sponsorship for a" means of payment widely used "in advertising [29]. Christopher Lasch argues that advertising leads to an overall increase of consumption in society, "Advertising does not serve as the advertising of products to promote consumption as a way of life. "[30]

[Edit] constitutional rights of publicity and

Advertising is considered freedom guaranteed by the Constitution of opinion and expression. [31] Therefore criticize advertising or any attempt to restrict or prohibit advertising is almost always regarded as an infringement of fundamental rights [edit] (First Amendment to the United States) met and answered and concentrated strength of the company and especially the advertising community. "Right now or in the near future, a number cases are and will be working their way through the justice system that seeks to prohibit any governmental regulation of … commercial speech (eg advertising or labeling of food) on the ground that such regulation would be contrary to citizens and businesses' First Amendment rights to freedom of expression or a free press. "[32] An example of this debate is advertising for tobacco or alcohol, but also direct mail or leaflets (blocked mailboxes), advertising on the phone, the Internet and advertising to children. Various legal restrictions on spamming, Advertising on mobile phones, designed for children, tobacco, alcohol has been introduced by the United States, the EU and various other countries. Not only the business community resists restrictions on advertising. Advertising as a means of free expression has imposed in the quotation of the company [Western Need]. McChesney argues that the government deserves constant vigilance with regard to these regulations, but it is certainly not "the only antidemocratic force in our society. … The corporations and wealthy enjoy a power every as huge as that enjoyed by nobles and royalty of feudal times "and" markets are not without value or neutral, not only they tend to work for the benefit of those who have more money, but also by their very nature, the emphasis on profits over everything else …. So, today, the debate is whether advertising or labeling of foods, or campaign contributions are speech … if the right to be protected by the First Amendment can not be effectively used by a fraction of all citizens and their exercise these rights are given excessive political power and undermine the balance capacity of citizens to exercise the same rights and / or constitutional rights, then it is not necessarily legally protected by the First Amendment. "Moreover," those who have the capacity to engage in the press are able determine who can speak to the great mass of citizens who can not "[33]. Critics argue in turn that advertising invades privacy which is a constitutional right. For on the one hand, advertising invades privacy physically, on the other hand, it uses more and more relevant, based information on communication with the private data assembled without the knowledge or consent of consumers or target groups.

To Georg Franck Vienna University of Technology Advertising is part of what he calls "mental capitalism" [34], [35] incorporating a term (mental) which has been used by groups concerned about the mental environment, as Adbusters. Franck mixed economy "of attention "With the culture of Christopher Lasch in capitalism narcissm mental [36] In his essay" Advertising at the Edge of the Apocalypse ", written Sut Jhally, "20. Century advertising is the most powerful system and sustained propaganda in human history and its cumulative cultural effects, with less quickly verified, will be responsible for the destruction of the world as we know [37].

[Edit] The price of the attention and hidden costs

Advertising has grown into a company a billion dollars on which many depend. In U.S. $ 2006 391 billion were spent worldwide on advertising. In Germany, for example, the advertising industry contributes 1.5% of gross national income, the figures for other developed countries are similar. [citation needed] For example, advertising and growth are directly and causally related. As On the economy led growth can be blamed for the negative lifestyle of man (Society of abundance) advertising should be considered in this aspect on its negative impact, because its main purpose is to increase consumption. "The industry is accused of being one of the engines powering a convoluted economic system that favors the production of mass consumption. "[38]

Attention and vigilance have become a new product for which a market developed. "The amount of attention that is absorbed by the media and redistributed in the competition for quotas and the coverage is not identical to the amount of attention, which is available in society. The total circulating in society is composed of attention exchanged between the people themselves and the attention given to information media. Only the latter is homogenized by the quantitative measurement and that it assumes the character of a currency anonymous. "[34] [35] According to Franck, any display area that can guarantee a certain degree of attention that works a magnet for attention, for example, the media are is intended for information and entertainment, culture and the arts, public space, etc. It is this attraction that is sold to the company advertising. The German Advertising Association said that in 2007, 30.78 billion euros have been spent on advertising Germany [39], 26% in newspapers, on television 21%, 15% by mail and 15% in magazines. In 2002, there were 360,000 people employed in the field of advertising. Revenues for Internet advertising doubled to nearly 1 billion euros in 2006 and 2007, giving the rate the highest growth.

Spiegel Online reported that in the United States in 2008 for the first time money has been spent over internet advertising (105.3 billion) and television (98.5 billion dollars). The largest amount spent in 2008 was still in print ($ 147 billion). [40] For this same year, Welt Online has reported that the U.S. pharmaceutical industry spent almost double the amount of advertising ($ 57.7 billion) than it did on research ($ 31.5 billion). But Marc-Andre Gagnon und Joel Lexchin University York, Toronto, believe that the actual expenditures for advertising are even higher, because all entries are recorded by the research institutions [41]. Do not include indirect advertising campaigns such as sales, discounts and price reductions. Few consumers are aware that they are they pay for every penny spent on public relations, advertising, discounts, etc. package because they usually are included in the calculation of the price.

[Edit] Influence and packaging

The advertising for McDonald's on the Via di Propaganda, Rome, Italy

Element The most important advertising is not information use suggestion, but more or less make associations, emotions (appeal to emotion) and readers of sleep in the sub-conscious people such as libido, the herd instinct and desires, as like happiness, health, fitness, appearance, self-esteem, reputation, membership, social status, identity, adventure, distraction, a reward, fear (fear appeals), such as illness, weakness, loneliness, poverty, uncertainty, security or prejudice, learned views and comfort. "All human needs, relationships, and fears – in the depths of the human psyche – is a simple way to expand the universe of commodities under the force of modern marketing. With the rise of modern marketing, commercialism – the translation of human relations in relations of commodities – even if a phenomenon intrinsic to capitalism, has increased exponentially. "[42]" cause marketing which advertisers link their products to some good social cause has grown over the past decade.

operates the advertising role model celebrities or popular figures and makes deliberate use of humor as well as associations of colors, songs, names of certain terms. In Overall, these are factors of how it perceives itself and its self-esteem. In his description of "mental Franck capitalism", says, "the promise of consumption a person who is the ideal way irresistible objects and symbols in subjective experience of a person. Obviously, in a society in which revenue hits attention to the foreground, the consumer is attracted to his self-esteem. Consequently, consumption becomes "work" on the attraction of a person. From the subjective point of view, this "work" broadens the scope of unexpected dimensions of advertising. Advertisement takes the role of an adviser on life attraction. (…) The cult around his own attraction is what Christopher Lasch describes as "the culture of narcissism. "[35] [36]

For criticism of advertising is another serious problem is that "the long term separation between advertising and editorial / creative side of media is rapidly crumbling "and advertising is increasingly difficult to distinguish new, information or entertainment. The borders between advertising and programming fade. According to media companies all commercial involvement has no influence on the actual content of media, but as McChesney puts it, "the request fails to pass the laugh test even the most elementary, it is also absurd. "[43]

Advertising draws "heavily on psychological theories on how to create topics allowing advertising and marketing to take on a "more clearly psychological tinge '(Miller and Rose, 1997, cited in Thrift, 1999, p. 67). More Increasingly, the emphasis in advertising has grown to provide information "factual" symbolic connotations of commodities, since the premise cultural importance of advertising is that the material be sold is never enough in itself. Even products that provide for the most mundane of daily life must be imbued with symbolic qualities and cultural meaning through the "magic system (Williams, 1980) of advertising. In this way, and changing the context in which advertisements appear, things' can be made to mean "anything" (McFall, 2002, p. 162) and the "same" things can be endowed with different meanings for different individuals and groups of people, offering and mass visions of individualism. [1]

Before the advertisement is made, the market research institutions need know and describe the target group exactly to plan and save for the advertising campaign and get the best possible results. A range of science deal directly with advertising and marketing and is used to enhance its effects. Focus groups, psychologists and cultural anthropologists are de'''''rigueur in marketing research "[44]. vast amounts of data on individuals and their buying habits are collected, accumulated, aggregated and analyzed using credit cards, bonus cards, lotteries and Internet surveys. With increasing precision that provides an array of behavior, wishes and weaknesses of certain sections of a population with which advertising can be used more selectively and effectively. Efficiency Advertising is improved thanks to the publicity-seeking. Universities, of course supported by companies and in cooperation with other disciplines (art above), mainly psychiatry, anthropology, neurology and behavioral sciences, are constantly looking for ways always more refined, complex, subtle and tricky to make advertising more effective. "Neuromarketing is a controversial area of commercialization of new technologies medical uses such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) – not to heal but to sell products. Advertising and marketing companies have long used the ideas and research methods of psychology in order to sell products, of course. But today, these practices are reaching epidemic levels, and with the complicity on the part of the psychology profession that exceeds that of the past. The result is a big advertising and marketing that includes offensive, probably, the largest project ever undertaken psychological. Yet this great enterprise has been largely ignored by the American Psychological Association. [45] Robert McChesney calls it "the greatest concerted attempt at psychological manipulation in the history human. "[46]

[Edit] Dependence of media and corporate censorship

Almost all media are media Publicity and many of them are only in the media and advertising, with the exception of public service broadcasting are properties private. Their income is generated primarily through advertising, in the case of newspapers and magazines of 50-80%. public service broadcasting in some countries may also depend heavily on advertising as a source of income (40%) [47]. In the view of critics of media not spread advertising can be more independent and the proportion of advertising, more dependence. This dependence has "distinct implications the nature of media content …. In the business press, the media are often called in exactly the way they present themselves in their moments for free: as a branch of the advertising industry. "[48]

In addition, the private media are increasingly subject to mergers and concentration of ownership situation often becomes tangled and opaque. These developments, Henry A. Giroux calls during a "threat to culture democratic "[49], by itself should suffice to all alarms sound in a democracy. Five or six advertising agencies dominate the industry 400 billion USD worldwide.

"Journalists have long faced pressure to shape stories for advertisers and owners of costume …. the majority executives have found their television news services "cooperative" in the development of new help for "development non-traditional revenue. "[50] reports negative reactions may be avoided or influenced when advertisers threatened to cancel orders or simply when there is a danger of such cancellation. dependence of the media and such a threat is real when there is a single dominant or very few major advertisers. The influence of advertisers is not only regarding news or information about their own products or services, but extends to items or issues not directly related to them. To secure advertising revenue for media must create the best environment advertising. Another problem concerned the censorship by critics, is the refusal of the media to accept advertisements that are not in interest. A striking example is the refusal of television stations to run ads by Adbusters. Groups try to place advertisements and are denied the networks [51].

These are mainly the ratings to decide the program of the private radio and television. "Their activity is to absorb as much attention as possible. The posted rate measures the media attention for jobs in information provided. Service This attraction is sold to the advertising company [35] and the rate hearing to determine the price that may be required for advertising.

Advertising agencies "determine the content of shows is part of everyday life in the United States since 1933. Procter & Gamble (P & G) …. a radio station offered a historic business decision (today know as "barter"): the company will produce a spectacle calculated "Free" and save the radio station high costs for content production. Therefore, the company would expand its advertising and, of course, its products placed in the show. Thus, the series "My Perkins has been created by P & G used wisely to promote oxydol, the leading brand in the soap and detergents year is born … [52]

While critics mainly concerned with the influence subtle economy on media, there are also examples of Blunt exercise of influence. The American company Chrysler before its merger with Daimler-Benz had his agency, PentaCom, send a letter to magazines, asking to send an overview of all subjects before the next issue is published "Avoid potential conflicts. Chrysler especially wanted to know if there would be items by sexual, political or social "content, or who may be considered as "provocative or offensive. PentaCom Executive David Martin said:" Our rationale is that all those looking for products to $ 22,000 would it surrounded by positive things. There is nothing positive about an article on child pornography. "[52] In another example, the" USA Network held high-level, off the record "meetings with advertisers in 2000 to make them say what the content network type of programming they wanted in order for the U.S. to get their advertising. "[53] The television programs are created to meet the needs of advertising, for example dividing them into appropriate sections. Their drama is generally designed to end the suspense or leave a question unanswered to keep the viewer Annex.

The film system at a time outside the direct influence of the entire marketing system is now fully is integrated into the strategies of licensing, tie-ins and product placements. The prime function of many Hollywood movies today is to assist in the sale of the immense collection of commodities. [54] The press has called the 2002 film Bond "Die Another Day" with 24 major promotional partners an ad-venture "and noted that James Bond has now been" authorized to sell "As has become common practice to bring products in films, he "self-implications for what types of films to attract investment products and what types of films will be more likely to have "[55].

The publicity and information are increasingly difficult to distinguish from each other. "The borders between advertising and the media …. Become increasingly blurred …. That August Fischer, Chairman of Axel Springer publishing company considers a "partnership established between the media and advertising companies' critics regard as anything other than the infiltration of rights and journalistic freedoms . According to RTL-executive Helmut Thoma "private stations should not and can not serve any mission, but only the objective of the company which is "the acceptance by the advertising company and the viewer. The definition of priorities in the order actually said everything concerning "design programs" by television. "[52] Patrick Le Lay, former CEO of TF1, a television French private with a market share of 25-35%, said: "There are several ways to talk about television. But from a business perspective, let's be realistic: basically, the work of TF1, for example, to help Coca Cola to sell its product. (…) For an advertisement to be perceived the brain of the viewer must be at our disposal. The work of our programs is to make available, that is to say, to distract, to relax and prepare it between two messages. It is time available human brain that we sell to Coca-Cola. "[56]

Because of these dependencies and a wide fundamental debate on advertising and its influence on information and freedom of expression is difficult to obtain, at least by the usual channels media, otherwise they are sawing off the branch on which they sit. "The idea that the commercial basis of media, journalism and communication could have troubling implications for democracy is excluded from the range of legitimate debate "so that" capitalism is off-limits as a matter of legitimate debate in the U.S. political culture "[57].

A critique of the structural basis of American journalism Upton Sinclair was with his novel The Brass Check, in which he stresses the influence of owners, advertisers, public relations, and economic interests media. In his book "Our Master's Voice – Advertising" social ecologist James Rorty (1890-1973) wrote: "The mouth of the gargoyle is a loudspeaker, driven by the interests of industry two billion dollars, and at the rear that the interests of the company as a whole, industry, finance. It is never silent, it drowns all other voices, and he does not suffer reproach, because this is not the voice of America? It was his request and to some extent it is a fair claim …"[ 58]

He taught us to live, what be feared, which to be proud of, how to be beautiful, how to be loved, how to be envied, how to succeed .. Is it any wonder that the American public increasingly tended to speak, think, feel in terms of the Jabberwocky? The stimuli in the art, science, religion are gradually expelled to the periphery of American life to become marginal values, cultivated by marginal people on marginal time? "[59]

[Edit] The commercialization of culture and sport

Performances, exhibitions, shows, concerts, conventions and most other events can hardly take place without sponsorship. Arts and culture growing shortage they buy the service from the attraction. Artists are filed and paid depending on the value of their art for commercial purposes. Companies promoting leading artists, therefore, obtain exclusive rights in advertising campaigns world. Broadway shows like "La Boheme" featuring accessories business as a whole [60].

Advertising is widely regarded as a contribution to culture. Advertising is an integrated fashion. In many parts of the clothing company logo design is the only or is an important part of it. There is little room left outside of the consumer economy, where culture and art can develop independently and that other values may be expressed. One last important sphere, the universities, is under strong pressure to open a business and its interests [61].

inflatable stage before a panel

Competitive sports have become unthinkable without the sponsorship and there is a mutual dependency. High income with advertising is only possible with a comparable number of spectators and viewers. Other hand, the poor performance of a team or an athlete results in less advertising revenue. Jürgen Hüther and Hans-Jörg Stiehl about "Sports / Media complex is a complex mixture of media, agencies, managers, promoters, etc. sports advertising, with partly common and partly of interest divergent, but in any case with commercial interests. The media are likely to center stage because it can provide the other parties involved in a rare commodity, namely (potential) public attention. In sports, "the media are able to generate huge sales in both circulation and advertising. "[62]

"Sports sponsorship is recognized by the tobacco industry's advertising value. An industry journal tobacco in 1994 described the Formula One car as "The most powerful advertising world. …. In a cohort study conducted in 22 secondary schools England in 1994 and 1995 boys whose favorite television sport was the race car had a 12.8% risk of becoming regular smokers, compared 7.0% of boys who did not follow racing. "[63]

No to the sale of tickets, but the transmission rights, sponsorship and merchandising in time constitute the largest part of the sports association and sports club revenues with the IOC (International Olympic Committee) to take the lead. The influence of the media brought many changes in sports, including the admission of new sports trend "in the Olympics, the change distances of competition, changes in rules, animation fans, the changes of sports facilities, the worship of sports heroes who are rapidly put in place in advertising and entertainment business for their media value [64] and last but not least, the designation and renaming sports stadiums, after large companies. "In sports fit into the logic of the media can contribute to the erosion of values such as equality opportunities or equity, excessive demand on athletes by public pressure and operation of several or deception (doping, manipulation of results …). It is in the interest of media and sport to fight against this danger because the sports media can not function as long as the sport exists [64].

[Edit] Occupation and commercialization of public space

Every place has the potential visually perceptible advertising. Especially urban areas with their structures, but also landscapes for the tariffs are increasingly turning to media for publicity. Signs, posters, signs, flags have become key factors in the emergence in urban areas and their number continues to increase. "Advertising Outdoor has become inevitable. Traditional billboards and bus shelters have opened the door to more intrusive methods such as wrapped vehicles, on the sides of buildings, electronic signs, kiosks, taxis, posters, bus sides, and more. Digital Technology Buildings are used for sport 'urban wall displays. In urban areas commercial content is placed before our eyes and our conscience every now we are in the public space. The German newspaper "Zeit" called a new kind of dictatorship that we can not escape "[21]. In Over time, this domination of the environment has become "natural" state. Thanks to the long-term commercial saturation, it has become implicitly understood by the public that advertising has the right to possess, occupy and control every inch of available space. The normalization constant invasive advertising dulls the public's perception of their environment, strengthening a general attitude of powerlessness and creativity change, thus a cycle develops slowly and allows advertisers to constantly increase the saturation of advertising with little public outcry or not. "[65]

The orientation towards the massive shift in focus of the advertising function of public spaces that are used by brands. city guides are transformed into trademarks. The greatest pressure is exerted on the reputation and high traffic public spaces that are as important to the identity a city (eg, Piccadilly Circus, Times Square, Alexanderplatz). Urban areas are public property and as such, they are subject to "protection aesthetic environment, mainly through building regulations, heritage protection and landscape protection. "It is as such, these spaces are being privatized. They are dotted with billboards and signs, they are transformed into means of advertising. "[34] [35]

[Edit aspects] socio-cultural: sexism, discrimination and stereotypes

"Advertising has an agenda" function adjustment "which is the ability, with huge sums of money to use as the sole item on the agenda. In the battle for a share of public awareness of this amount to the non-treatment (ignorance) of what is commercial and what is not advertised. Advertising must be a reflection of societal standards and give clear picture of the target market. Spheres without commerce and advertising the service of the muses and relaxation remain without respect. [neutrality disputed] With the increase of the strength of advertising is at home in the private sector so that the voice of commerce becomes a dominant mode of expression in society. "[66] See the criticisms of advertising advertising as the light of forefront of our culture. Sut Jhally and James Twitchell go beyond the light of publicity as a kind of religion and advertising replaces religion as well a key institution [67].

"Advertising Company (or the corporate media) is the largest project ever undertaken by the psychological human race. But for all this, its impact on us remains unknown and largely ignored. When I think of the influence of media on year, over the decades, I think those brainwashing experiments conducted by Dr. Ewen Cameron in a psychiatric hospital in Montreal in the 1950s (see MKULTRA). Idea The CIA sponsored depatterning "experiments was to equip conscious, unconscious or half-subjects with a helmet, and flooding their brains with thousands of repetitive "drive" messages that could change their behavior over time …. Advertising aims to do the same thing. "[25]

Advertising is particularly aimed at young people and children and reduced more and more young people to consumers. [49] Sut Jhally For it is not "surprising that something this central and with so much being spent on it should become a major presence in social life. Indeed, commercial interests intend to maximize the use of the immense collection of commodities have colonized more spaces of our culture. For example, almost all the media system (television and print) has been developed as a delivery system for traders from its primary function is to produce audiences to sell to advertisers. The two advertisements it carries, and the editorial content which acts as a support for her to celebrate the consumer society. The theater system at a time outside the direct influence of all marketing system is now fully integrated into strategies for licensing, tie-ins and product placements. The primary function of many Hollywood movies today is to help the sale of the huge collection of basic products. As public funds are drained sector non-profit cultural, art galleries, museums and symphonies offer corporate sponsorship. "[54] In the same way the system is made education and advertising is increasingly penetrating schools and universities. Cities like New York, accepting sponsors for land public play. "Even the pope has been sold … The Pope's visit to four days in Mexico, … 1999 was sponsored by Frito-Lay and Pepsi. [68] The industry is accused of being one of the engines powering a convoluted economic system that favors the production of mass consumption. Regarding the social effects are concerned, it does not matter if the publicity of fuel consumption, but whose values, attitudes and transfers to say it spreads. Advertising is accused of misuse of language and ways of pop culture, protests and even criticism subversive and not afraid to offend and break taboos (eg, Benetton). This in turn encourages action against what Lasn 2001 appelé''le Scramble Jam la''Jammers. Everything is permitted. "This is a central issue in social science that people can be made achieved by appropriate design conditions and a great practical importance. For example, from a large number of psychological experiments experimental, we can assume that people can be taken to do everything they can, when according to social status can be created. "[69]

Advertising often uses specific stereotypical roles for men and women reinforce existing stereotypes and it has been criticized as "inadvertently or intentionally, even promoting sexism, racism, ageism and … At least, advertising often reinforces the stereotypes, based on recognizable "types" to tell stories in a single image or 30 images a second time. "[38] Activities Typical are portrayed as masculine or feminine (stereotypes). In addition, people are reduced to their sexuality or related to products and qualities gender-specific are exaggerated. Men sexualized female bodies, but also increasingly serve as targeted. In advertising, it is usually a woman be represented as

• servants, men and children who respond to requests and complaints of their relatives with a bad conscience and the promise of immediate improvement (washing, food)
• a sex toy or for emotional self-assertion of men
• A technically be totally helpless (almost always male) who can not manage a child-resistant operation
• expert women, but stereotypes of fields of fashion, cosmetics, food or medicine, most
• as ultra-thin, thin, and very thin.
• make way for others, for example, serve coffee during a reporter interviews a politician [70]

Much of the advertising opportunities to promote products that belong to the image "ideal body." This is mainly intended women, and in the past, this type of advertising was designed almost exclusively for women. Women in advertising are usually portrayed like pretty women who are healthy. This, however, is not the case for the average woman. Therefore, they give a negative message of the image body of the average woman. Because of the media, for girls and women who are overweight, and otherwise "normal" feels almost obliged to take care of them and stay in shape. They feel under pressure to maintain an acceptable body weight and take care of their health. Consequences of this are low self-esteem, eating disorders, self mutilation, and the operations of beauty for women who simply can not be eaten or get any motivation to go to the gym. The European Parliament adopted a resolution in 2008 that advertising can not be discriminatory and degrading. This shows that politicians are increasingly concerned about the negative impacts of advertising. However, the benefits of promoting overall health and recovery shape are often overlooked. Men are also negatively portrayed as incompetent and the butt of every joke in the advertising.

[Edit] Children and adolescents as target groups

market of the child, where resistance to advertising is the lowest, is the pioneer "For the ad creep" [71]. "Children are among the most sophisticated observers of ads. They can sing the jingles and identify logos, and they often have ideas about products. What they generally do not understand, however, are the issues that underlie operation of advertising. The mass media are used not only to sell products but also ideas how we should behave, what are rules are important, we must respect and what we should value. [72] The youth is increasingly reduced to the role of a consumer. No only the manufacturers of toys, candy, ice cream, food breakfast and sporting prefer to run their promotion to children and adolescents. For example, an advertisement for a breakfast cereal on a channel aimed at adult music that is a sweet ballad, while on a channel aimed at children, the ad jingle catchy even use a rock in the same way

About the Author

Items Full HD TVbox Product Demo

Pinnacle TV6073 Plasma LCD DLP Stand $199.99 The Pinnacle Design TV6073 can hold up to 150 pounds. With the Pinnacle Design TV6073 you can store your electronics on the additional built-in shelf….

Sanus Systems VMAVB Component Shelf Wall Mount (Black) $39.99 Ideal for VCR, DVD player, cable box, satellite receiver or stereo components Rugged engineering provides safe, solid support Black…

BlueMall Orange Universal Capacitive TouchScreen Stylus with 3.5mm Adapter Plug works with iPad, Hp TouchPad, iPhone 4 / 4S, Kindle fire, Touch and all capacitive Touch screen Devices – Retail Packaging $4.99 Keep a stylus on hand so you’re always ready to jot a note or tap the touch screen without using your finger. Compatibility Fit all touch screen cell phone,iPad,tablet,PDA…

Pinnacle Studio MovieBox USB Video Transfer Device (210100251) Pinnacle Systems’ Pinnacle Studio MovieBox captures and digitizes analog composite and S-video signals and delivers them through your PC’s USB 2.0 port. Bundled Studio 8 software helps you edit and assemble clips for recording onto videotape or for burning onto CD or DVD media. To set up MovieBox, we connected the power and video source cables and followed the Windows New Hardware Wizard to insta…